This paper provides a clear and transparent setting to study the effect of additional pension benefits on women …'s retirement decision. Using administrative pension insurance records from Germany, I examine the impact of a pension subsidy … contribution, which led to sharply different slopes of benefits for similar women to the left and to the right of the kink point …

Women's labor force participation and earnings dramatically increased after World War II. Those changes have important … implications for women's Social Security benefits. This article uses the Social Security Administration's Modeling Income in the …