Many experts expect Portugal’s and Spain’s integration into the EC to have a basically negative effect on their economies. Positive effects are expected essentially to be a result of the EC’s aid programmes. An indication as to how far the aid will in fact help to promote adjustment and...

The debate on international competitiveness in recent years has increasingly focused on the structure of society. International competitiveness is seen not merely as a sign of a country’s productive capacity, but also as reflecting the efficiency of its social and political structures. The...

Following the collapse of the CMEA, the foreign trade of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe declined drastically with dire consequences for output, incomes and employment in these countries. What options do the former CMEA members have for revitalizing their foreign trade? What...

Die großen Einkommensunterschiede in der Europäischen Union sind maßgebliche Treiber der innereuropäischen Migration und Standortkonkurrenz. Beides hat ärmere Menschen in den reicheren Mitgliedstaaten beunruhigt. In Großbritannien war die Einwanderung ein Hauptmotiv für den Brexit. Der...

Recent data from EU-SILC and Destatis seemed to indicate a dramatic increase in German inequality and poverty in the pandemic year 2020. But Destatis had changed its data collection method. Based on several studies, it is likely that the actual rise has been much weaker while the previous data...