Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to explore size of the shadow economy of 31 European Countries in 2014 and size of the shadow economy of 28 European Union countries over 2003-2014 (in per cent of official GDP). An additional objective is to identify tax evasion, as the problem of...

Illicit work, social security fraud, illegal employment and economic crime have always existed, but they are now on the increase. Most governments try to reduce the shadow economy through punitive measures or through education. This book suggests a reform of state institutions, to improve the...

Intro -- Contents -- Series Foreword -- 1 Introduction -- I Motivation -- 2 From Theory to Practice -- 3 The Political Economy of Climate Instruments -- II Empirical Aspects -- 4 How Trust in Governments Influences the Acceptance of Environmental Taxes -- 5 Political Determinants of Fossil Fuel...