This study looks at how economic growth, trade liberalisation, and financial development affect the health of the environment in West Africa. The study also looks at how efficient institutions help make the environment in the ECOWAS region more stable. Therefore, the study tested the validity of...

The study examines the relationship between trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in the cumulative risks context for China's economic development and the European Union. Hypotheses derived from a review of the literature substantiate the following key findings: (1) A reduction in CO2...