Moldova holds the unenviable distinction of having suffered the largest fall in GDP and living standards among the former socialist countries in Europe. By mid-1999 GDP had fallen to less than 30 per cent of its level in 1990, while living standards had plummeted from a situation of relative...

In many developing countries rural industrialization is increasingly perceived to offer an escape from the predicament of diminishing returns to labour in agriculture on the one hand and low employment elasticity in large-scale manufacturing on the other hand. The present study explores the...

Economic growth in Cambodia came to an abrupt halt in 1997 as the home made political crisis and the external financial crisis took their toll. However, Cambodia has been comparatively mildly affected by the Asian crisis and provided that political stability can be achieved there are good...

There has been a revival of interest in small industries and their linkages with a nation's institutional arrangements, among both academicians and policy makers. Extending the definition of institutions to include formal and informal rules, this paper attempts to identify these linkages using...

Six years after the Revolution and despite half a century of sacrifices for a better future Romania remains impoverished and much further behind Western Europe in terms of economic development than it was before the Second World War. Against this backdrop the study takes stock of the situation...

The private manufacturing sector has been called upon to play a key role in the transformation and development of the Vietnamese economy since the launching of market oriented reforms a decade ago. Drawing on a comprehensive survey in 1991 of some 1,000 non-state manufacturing enterprises in...