The deregulation of the U.K. natural gas industry has facilitated new entry and competition in almost all segments of … pipeline transportation and tying up gas in long-term contracts impede competition. This Note reviews the U.K. reform and the …

I study the relationship between competition and innovation, focusing on the distinction between product and process … competition and innovation, which focused on process innovations. New products allow firms to differentiate themselves from one … another. I demonstrate that the competition level that creates the most innovation incentive is higher for process innovation …