This paper investigates short and long-run effects of trade liberalization on employment and wages. Employment and wage … causality is unidirectional. Wages strongly causes employment but employment does not cause wages. There is significant …

This paper synthesizes nine in-depth developing country (LDC) studies on the impact of trade upon wages. It is … supply shifts generally shift wages. Second, liberalization was accompanied by rising relative wages and labor demand. And …

reform paid their workers high wages, and raised the premium paid to workers in states along the U.S. border. These changes …

Using firm-level data for Georgia, the paper estimates the quasi-elasticity of employment and wages with respect to the … employment levels and average wages by gender and consider whether export destination or the competiveness of economies matters … improves female employment but reduces overall average wages and female wages. Increasing exports to the European Union as well …

reform initiated in 1985 for industry employment and industry wages. Although the reform reduced manufacturing tariffs on … across sectors. The reform, however, was associated with bigger declines in relative industry wages in sectors that …