This paper empirically analyses whether full ownership separation strengthens rail in comparison with other transport modes – a major goal of European and national transport policies. Data from nine European countries in the period 1994-2009 are evaluated, with the end result that the positive...

This paper examines complementarity among vertical integration decisions in automobile product development. Though most research assumes that contracting choices are independent of each other, contracting complementarity arises when the returns to a single vertical integration decision are...