systematic performance and efficiency differentials between National Oil Companies (NOCs) and privately-owned International Oil … an indication of firm efficiency. Because NOCs also significantly underperform the private sector in terms of output … efficiency and profitability, this paper nevertheless suggests that a political preference for State Oil usually comes at an …

Purpose In the 40 years of reform and opening-up toward a more rational micro-economic structure, the proportion of … output of state-owned enterprises shows a declining trend. Over the past decade, on one hand, the operational efficiency of …-owned enterprises reform is still arduous. Findings In the process of establishing China's modern economic system, there will be some …