In this paper two articles on dualism are discussed. Following the chronological order of their publication, the first one is Julie Nelson?s (1992) article ?Gender, Metaphor, and the Definition of Economics? and the second one is ??Order out of Chaos? in Economics??, by Victoria Chick (1995)....

Pension funds' operating costs come at the cost of benefits, so it is crucial for pension funds to operate at the lowest cost possible. In practice, we observe substantial differences in costs per member for Dutch pension funds, both across and within size classes. This paper discusses scale...

Pension funds' operating costs come at the cost of benefits, so it is crucial for pension funds to operate at the lowest cost possible. In practice, we observe substantial differences in costs per member for Dutch pension funds, both across and within size classes. This paper discusses scale...