unit root, we study the causality links between energy use and employment for a sample of 16 African countries over the … indicate that employment and energy use are strongly linked in Africa. Unidirectional causality from employment to energy use … in Tunisia, Cameroun, Zambia and Ethiopia is found. A unidirectional causality from energy use to employment is found in …

This paper examines the relationship between electricity consumption, employment and real income in Australia within a … cointegration and causality framework. We find that electricity consumption, employment and real income are cointegrated and that in … the long-run employment and real income Granger cause electricity consumption, while in the short run there is weak …