This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the … United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National … definitive conclusions in the face of contradictory evidence on the gender funding gap. We conclude that access to high …

and significant portion of all five race-gender income gaps with White men. …There are pronounced racial, ethnic, and gender gaps in income in the U.S. We investigate whether these correspond with … females. These traits predict individual income. Competitiveness and risk tolerance help explain the White gender income gap …