Karjalan sekä Kainuun maakunnat. Maakunnissa asuu runsaat 800 000 asukasta. Alueen tuotanto on painottunut elintarviketuotantoon, metsätalouteen ja metsäteollisuuteen. Näillä aloilla maakunnalla on vahvuuksia – työvoimaa, osaamista ja koulusta. Metsäteollisuuden ansiosta alueen...

This paper analyzes the a priori influence of the European Parliament (EP) and the Council of Ministers (CM) on legislation of the European Union adopted under its codecision procedure. In contrast to studies which use conventional power indices, both institutions are assumed to act...

In the present study, we ask how economic integration affects the location of economic activities, and spatial distribution of market potential, in Europe. The theoretical framework is based on the new economic geography approach in trade analysis literature. Empirical analysis transforms data...

The paper considers economic reforms in the EU using an economic-political model which captures the possible myopia in economic policies, and analyses reforms in taxation, the welfare state, and in the labour and product markets. We show that high taxes and an extensive welfare state are likely...

We analyse the implications of free trade between the EU25 and Russia using GTAP, a computable general equilibrium model. We review the sectoral effects by countries and make a tentative assessment of the impact on the regions in northwest Russia. Free trade on its own would have a negative...

The draft treaty establishing a constitution for the European Union states that each member state may withdraw from the European Union following its own constitutional requirements. We argue that such a rule could lead into an increased use of threat of withdrawal to extract concessions in...

The paper considers time series evidence on the relationships, and possible trade-offs, between productivity and employment, and on the impact of taxes in this connection. First, a theoretical model is built for an open economy leading to the identification of technology, non-technology and tax...

The paper considers time series evidence on the relationships, and possible trade-offs, between productivity and employment, and on the impact of taxes in this connection. First, a heoretical model is built for an open economy leading to the identification of technology, non-technology and...

Kioton pöytäkirjassa YK:n ilmastosopimukseen määritellään Euroopan unionille kasvihuonepäästöjen tavoitteeksi kahdeksan prosentin vähennys vuoteen 1990 verrattuna. Euroopan unionin sisäisessä taakanjaossa Suomelle sovittu kaavailtu kasvihuonepäästöjen tavoite on nollakasvu vuoteen...

Using the classical gravity model we try to reach a more systematic view than previously in the literature of the impact of regionalism on the intensity of mutual integration through trade in Europe. We find that European trade is significantly influenced by various regional agreements and...