This paper provides an illustration of the changing tolerance for inequality in a context of radical political and economic transformation and rapid economic growth. We focus on the Polish transition experience, and explore individuals' self-reported attitudes. Using unusually long and frequent...

This Selected Issues paper focuses on balancing decarbonization with energy security in Poland. The paper describes the evolution and challenges related to the energy security situation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Poland over the last decades in the context of EU climate agenda. It...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation analyses that the Polish economy has slowed significantly amid still-high inflation. The Polish economy in 2022 faced energy and food price shocks, which exacerbated inflationary pressures and slowed economic growth. With Russia's war in Ukraine, the authorities...

Public investment is expected to play a significant role in the post-pandemic economic recovery in Poland. Like other countries in the region, Poland lags more advanced European economies in the quantity and quality of its infrastructure despite significant progress in the last decade. The...