Using a large panel data set it is investigated whether works councils act as a sand or grease in the operation of German firms. Stochastic production frontier analysis indicates that establishments with and without a works council do not exhibit significant differences in efficiency

Lean Production als Weltstandard für Serienfertigung -- Lean Warehouse -- Integrierte Bewertung variantenreicher Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigung in den Bereichen Lean Management und Industrie 4.0 -- Konsequenzen von Industrie 4.0 für das Produktionsmanagement -- Quick Response Manufacturing...

In its 1998 final report, the German Co-determination Commission identified a large and growing sector of the economy in which employees are covered neither by participation on company boards nor through the vehicle of works councils. The Commission argued that the steady erosion of...