The purpose of this paper is to test an international bank market pricing model, hypothesized to arrive at new indicator of pure composite political risk for country banking sectors. The motivation is that current political risk ratings (rating social, legal and cultural factors that impact...

This study supports existing evidence of adverse domestic and international economic and financial spillover effects of extreme political acts. The relationship between the variables in the model is greater after the 9/11 event than before; the effects are greater in developed compared to...

The GCC markets are the most advanced in economic reforms in the Middle East and have proceeded solidly towards regional integration during the early 2000s. Some of the GCC markets (for example, Bahrain and the UAE) had made solid progress in their expansion, reforms and openness. Over the...

In this paper dynamic models of electricity pricing in a representative sample of large and small economies and groups of developed and developing countries in the regions of South America, North America and Asia are studied. The motivation is to further explain the extent of regulation in...

This paper provides an historical account of the major developments in economic reform in Mongolia over the period from 1991 to 1998. It discusses the need for reform at the grass roots level in the banking and finance industry while examining key tabulated economics and trade, foreign...

In the centre of Ulan Bator, the capitol of Mongolia, stands a statue of Lenin. A silent reminder of past ideology, when dependence of the country was concentrated towards Russia. Approximately six years on in the economic transitional process, the path remains difficult to negotiate. Mongolia...

This paper examines how economic reforms in Mongolia have impacted on international trade for that country. It tracks trade development since the 1991 open market economy decision and provides an outlook for 1997. It captures most of the events, moods and important reform legislation that is...

This paper tracks the major reforms that have affected foreign investment in Mongolia during its transitional process from 1990 to 1997/98. It attempts to describe the changing moods and attitudes of the country's reformers and legislators over this period. It identifies key economic data and...

There is ample evidence supporting the relationships between country risk and historical economic data. This study re-appraises these relationships, by analysing risk scores rather than risk outcomes. The work is successful in providing a basic analytical historical economic performance...

The United Kingdom, since the end of the Second World War, has not been vitally trade or defence dependent on Australia. Australia since the advent of European Economic Community has not been vitally trade dependent on the United Kingdom. There are continuing trade and investment relationships...