The purpose of this paper is to build a comprehensive indicator framework to gain insights into the impact of trade liberalization and trade facilitation on China’s agricultural trade cost and provide indications about the implementation priority of various measures. By reference to panel data...

Transaction costs create inefficiencies in agricultural markets, and poor trade digitalization lowers agrifood productivity of developing countries. This paper argues that trade facilitation via digitalization cuts transaction costs thereby increasing agrifood trade because it streamlines trade...

This study analyzed the competitiveness of Peru's exports of grapes, blueberries, avocados, and asparagus from 2019 to 2023. Data were obtained from the customs declarations of all exporting companies of the analyzed products, along with data from the International Trade Center. Competitiveness...

ch. 1. Trade and economic development -- chapter 2. The colonizing nations -- chapter 3. The early English colonies -- chapter 4. Maritime trade -- chapter 5. Economic life in colonial communities -- chapter 6. The road to revolution.