The potential for multiplicity of proceedings under international investment treaties has been the subject of concern and much recent debate. One of the most significant drawbacks identified is the possibility of inconsistent outcomes. Cases with materially identical facts and causes of action...

Investor-State dispute settlement mechanisms (ISDS) are an important component of most International Investment Agreements (IIAs) and have significant influence on how disputes between States and investors are resolved.This statistical survey of a large sample of 1,660 bilateral investment...

Capital exporting countries have attempted to protect the overseas investments of their multinational corporations (MNC) against host nation governments expropriating these investments, limiting the right to repatriate profits, or subjecting the withdrawal of their investments to heavy...

In this paper, the author argues that compulsory licenses might potentially amount to indirect expropriation provided that their effects constitute a severe curtailment of the patent rights. Inasmuch as the expropriation standards in BIAs differ from those articulated under the TRIPS Agreement,...

Controversies about the inclusion of the investment-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism have been dominating the debate surrounding the ongoing negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement in many EU countries. The level of social anxiety and the...