This paper discusses the issue whether developing countries forego chances in world manufactured markets by protecting intermediate services against market entry of new suppliers. By scanning the empirical literature on effective rates of protection (ERP), the evidence is supportive. Yet, it...

This paper reconstructs how the UK data protection framework has evolved in the last four years, from the time of the Brexit referendum to the introduction of the TCA. It assesses to what extent the new UK data protection regime reflects the Brexit desiderata, and analyses the challenges of the...