forces play in determining the evolution of various industries. In this paper, we study the implications of Poland …'s competitive shock for three elements of the structure of that country's manufacturing sector: entry, concentration, and foreign … presence. Our analysis underlines the importance of explicitly identifying the specific distortions built into initial (pre-shock …

between shock-therapists and gradualists that dominated professional discussions for the whole decade of the 1990s was …

admission to the European Union (EU), Poland and Hungary. Using a rational expectations, dynamic open economy aggregate supply … price level movements in Poland. Monetary shocks are an important source of output fluctuations in the short run in Hungary … suggesting nominal inertia. In Poland, real demand shocks affect output in the short run (up to one year), while monetary shocks …