under a wide range of fertility and migration scenarios. As policy-based projections rather than forecasts, they aspire not … infl uencing national fertility rates. In countries with particularly low fertility rates or high emigration levels …

currently considering changing the way fertility is projected. To establish a solid basis for deciding the way forward, this … paper describes the different ways various European countries project fertility in their national population projections … fertility, illustrating the range of options available and in use across Europe. We examined readily available information and …