This paper explores the theoretical framework of judicial independence of international tribunals, with specific reference to the independence of the European Court of Human Rights. It then argues that independence is a key aspect of the legitimacy of an international tribunal and suggests that...

The definition of technical regulation in Annex 1.1 of the TBT Agreement is not free from ambiguity. In EC-Seal Products, the Appellate Body held that in determining whether a measure is a technical regulation, a panel must seek to identify the measure’s ‘integral and essential’ aspects,...

This paper starts from the assumption that international arbitration easily fits in with a pluralist conception of global law. Globalization has created new informal instruments of regulation, and arbitration is an efficient tool for enforcing them. First, the paper presents a brief analysis of...

This paper discusses the position of private actors as norm-setters in European private law. It discusses what position self-regulation has as a source of law beside public regulation. Although self-regulation is an important source of norms in practice, since it is not legally binding...

The legal framework surrounding globalization is far from clear. Globalization is inextricably linked to the idea of free movement of capital vis-à-vis states’ restrictions. The leading approach in international law argues that states have the ultimate right to regulate their money. Invoking...

Food security is a human right and it has been recognized in all countries. Right to Food is more important in India. Hunger, malnutrition and poverty are major triological challenges for its development. Hunger and Poverty are also violation of human rights. The right to food is not about...

Over the past 15 years, carbon markets have been set up by private and public actors at various geographic scales and with varying financial scope. The history of the early stage of carbon markets reveals a mixed record: the instrument diffused widely across the globe, while existing carbon...

International fragmented production – the de-verticalization, de-agglomeration and internationalization of firms and industries – poses serious challenges to our ability to accurately measure and conceptualize the international economy. Studied across many disciplines, including economics,...