In the face of wars and a geopolitically challenging environment, military expenditures have once again become political focal points in developed countries. However, the scientific literature remains inconclusive regarding their impact on economic growth. This paper conducts a meticulous...

Military expenditure is considered an influential factor in gross domestic product. This study investigates the relationship between military expenditure and gross domestic product in Bangladesh. Time series data, econometric techniques, and some robustness tests are used in this analysis. The...

CO2 significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This investigation determines the impact of militarization, economic growth (EG), FDI, renewable energy usage on CO2 emissions in three highly militarized countries of Asia: Pakistan, India, and China (PIC). This research used...