This paper presents an overview of the Sixth Post-Program Monitoring Discussions with Portugal. The Portuguese economy has strengthened. Supported by a benign external environment, job-rich growth has gathered momentum since late 2016. The headline fiscal balance continued to benefit from...

Rwanda's medium-term outlook is positive, supported by the authorities' large policy package to respond to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and their continued commitment to the PCI in a challenging environment. Economic recovery is underway with easing of restrictions supported by faster...

Growth has slowed to a more sustainable level and financial vulnerabilities have eased. But risks remain. Household debt is high, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) awaits legislative approval, and ongoing trade tensions between the United States (U.S.) and its major trading...

The economics of corruption: an overview / George T. Abed and Sanjeev Gupta -- pt. 1. Causes and consequences of corruption. Corruption around the world: causes, consequences, scope, and cures / Vito Tanzi -- Bureaucratic corruption and the rate of temptation: do wages in the civil service...