This study aims to examine the impact of firm characteristics and ownership structure on the firm efficiency of listed non-financial firms in Pakistan from 2012 to 2017. Firm characteristics include market capitalization, cash holdings, book-to-market ratio and negative book-to-market ratio and...

We study profitable firms with no tax expenses. We find that the proportion of profitable firms that owe zero taxes (zero-tax firms) has increased substantially over the past 70 years, accounting for almost 15% of listed U.S. firms in recent years. Zero-tax firms thus represent a major group of...