The EU Emissions Trading Directive is expected by European energy-intensive industries to harm their competitiveness vis-a-vis non-European competitors. Many additional measures have thus been proposed to 'level the playing field' and to protect the competitiveness of European energy-intensive...

This Policy Brief focuses on three issues that are especially important in the long-term development of the climate regime: (a) the challenge of the fragmentation of negotiations and governance systems; (b) the challenge of steering and evaluating novel types of privatised and market-based...

This article provides a focused review of the current literature on global environmental governance. In the first part, we differentiate between three usages of the term quot;global environmental governance,quot; which we describe as analytical, programmatic, and critical. In the second part, we...