In this paper we present empirical data on the historical development, the current regulations and the political contexts of dual citizenship regulations in the world. With this focus on empirical data this report presents complementary information in respect to the first results of our research...

Case studies are an interesting phenomenon in the social sciences. On the one hand, they have played a pivotal role in theory development and are still popular in almost all fields of the social sciences, with the notable exception of economics. On the other hand, they have been treated by most...

The previous chapters outlined three approaches to case study research. In this chapter, we will discuss fruitful combinations of the different case study approaches. Furthermore, we show how case studies (that is, small-N studies) can be connected to large-N studies that use statistical methods...

The core features and major advantages of small-N research are the researcher's ability to collect a broad and diverse set of observations per case and the ability to reflect intensively on the relationship between empirical observation and abstract concepts. These features are used within the...

We call the first research approach to small-N studies co-variational analysis (COV). This methodological approach presents empirical evidence of the existence of co-variation between an independent variable X and a dependent variable Y to infer causality. This approach has dominated the...

This article traces international activities of regional governments in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy. We describe how intensively the regions are investing in economic, cultural, and political activities, and how broad the different activities are spread. Then we...

With the help of the Immigrant Inclusion Index (IMIX), a quantitative tool for measuring the electoral inclusion of immigrants, we demonstrate that European democracies are much more exclusive than they should be. All normative theories of democracy share the conviction that it is imperative...

This article demonstrates the empirical relevance and elaborates the theoretical foundation of a "polity-centered" causal mechanism of international environmental regulation which has been only superficially touched upon in international environmental regime theory and which challenges the...