With FinTech entrepreneurs threatening to disrupt retail payment services in Europe and around the world, the European Union is using the harmonization of payments law as an opportunity to try to increase innovation and competition in European payment systems. In recent years, the EU has enacted...

Although financial inclusion is now recognized as an essential element of any economic development strategy that includes poverty reduction, a majority of the world's poor remain excluded from formal financial services. Since 2007, the Kenyan mobile payment scheme M-Pesa has captured world...

This article examines the role of law reform in promoting the development of technical standards for the authentication of parties engaged in Internet commerce. Law reforms intended to improve the security of Internet commerce can only succeed if they address business, technical and legal issues...

Contract law provides a framework within which economic relationships can be established and administered, while electronic commerce (e-commerce) provides tools for reducing the costs of those activities. Application of traditional contract law concepts to e-commerce may result in uncertainty...

In 2005, the Americans for Fair Electronic Commerce Transactions (“AFFECT”) coalition issued a list of 12 principles it hoped would contribute to a new consensus about what constitutes fairness in online consumer transactions. A decade later, a cursory review of different jurisdictions...

The global integration of markets has both eroded the sovereignty of national governments in regulating their domestic economies and also given rise to distinctive new forms of regulation whose authority may be largely independent of any national government. Information and communication...

Two important features of European integration have been a deepening commitment to in-formation privacy as a fundamental human right, and the successful integration of technical standards into the regulatory framework to support the growth of the internal market. This paper will explore the...

In 2012, the University of Washington School of Law held a conference to examine the impact of the 2012 Revised Financial Action Task Force standards for combating money laundering and combating terrorism and proliferation financing on the use of mobile money in developing countries as a...

This paper highlights a growing gap between American sales law “in the books” and American sales law “in action” in global markets, including those that operate within the geographical boundaries of the United States. Decades of disruptive technological innovation and trade...