The governance turn in information privacy law is a turn away from a model of bureaucratic administration of individual control rights and toward a model of collaborative governance of shared interests in information. Collaborative information governance has roots in the American pragmatic...

The World Trade Organization Trade Facilitation Agreement that entered into force in 2017 encourages the migration of trade processes from paper to electronic form and the modernisation of trade management systems. The foundations for current progress in trade facilitation were laid during...

This article analyzes legislation recently enacted in China to promote the use of electronic commerce among Chinese businesses. It reviews the terms of regulations to promote the use of accounting software by Chinese firms, the electronic commerce enabling provisions of the 1999 Contract Law and...

Electronic Contracting - understood broadly to include both the Internet downloading of free or purchased software and the use of rolling contracts (shrink-wrap or terms in the box) in the sale of computers or the lease of software - has raised problems, based in part on the novelty of the...

The question of what constitutes "spyware" is controversial because many programs that are adware in the eyes of their distributors may be perceived as spyware in the eyes of the end user. Many of these programs are loaded on the computers of end users after the end user has agreed to the terms...

Network effects created by the use of electronic commerce technologies may put pressure on the community of the Muslim faithful to assimilate into global markets that do not comply with the requirements of Islamic law. At the same time, however, they hold the promise of greater access to global...

In 1999, Revised U.C.C. Article 9 governing secured lending was updated to permit the creation “electronic chattel paper” (ECP). Traditional chattel paper is used widely in some sectors of the US economy to finance equipment purchases in part because a chattel paper lender who perfects by...

In 2007, France created the Regulatory Authority for Technical Measures (l’Autorité de Régulation des Mesures Techniques or ARMT), an independent regulatory agency charged with promoting the interoperability of digital media distributed with embedded “technical protection measures”...

After decades of trade liberalization and ever greater integration of domestic economies into global markets, actors in both public and private sectors recognize the importance of innovation as a source of global comparative advantage. At the same time that governments in advanced market...