We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a … panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and … opportunity costs, we concentrate on cashless payments media as substitutes to cash payments and the role of the shadow economy …

We measure consumers’ use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada …-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument …, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash is strongly correlated with transaction size …

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries. The seven diary surveys … United States). Our paper finds cross-country differences - for example, the level of cash use differs across countries. Cash … has not disappeared as a payment instrument, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash is …

The period from the 1950s to the late 1970s saw an almost uniform decline of cash-to-GDP ratios in industrial countries … incomes. Rising wages increased the burden of weekly wage payments in cash, and rising incomes made the average earner more … than revolutionary, however. So, even though the cash-to-GDP ratio declined in this period, absolute amounts of real cash …