Existing literature continues to be unable to offer a convincing explanation for the volatility of the stochastic discount factor in real world data. Our work provides such an explanation. We do not rely on frictions, market in completeness or transactions costs of any kind. Instead, we modify a...

This paper propose a new panel stochastic dominance (SD) test-PDD test, the asymptotic properties are derived, which extends Davidson and Duclos (DD) SD test to a panel context. The PDD test also contributes to settle one of the demerits while working with financial derivatives time series: that...