Increasing mothers' labour supply in a child's preschool years can cause a reduction in time investments that lead to a … negative direct effect on mid-childhood and teenage outcomes. But as mothers' work hours increase, income will rise. We ask … variation in both mothers' hours and family income in pre-school years. As expected we find a negative direct effect of an …

compare the educational attainment of the children of mothers who were required to leave employment on marriage because of the … Marriage Bar to the educational attainment of the children of mothers who were not required to do so. It is found that the … children of mothers affected by the Marriage Bar were about seven percentage points more likely to complete university …