model and estimate by maximum likelihood the parameters governing the market price of risk. We show that agents' beliefs about the joint evolution of macroeconomic variables has changed in quantitatively important and economically meaningful ways. Moreover, macroeconomic factors turn out to be...

I study 46 vintages of FRB/US, the principal macro model used by Federal Reserve Board staff for forecasting and policy analysis, as measures of real-time model uncertainty. I also study the implications of model uncertainty for the robustness of commonly applied, simple monetary policy rules. I...

The monetary policy rules that are widely discussed--notably the Taylor rule--are remarkable for their simplicity. One reason for the apparent preference for simple ad hoc rules over optimal rules might be the assumption of full information maintained in the computation of an optimal rule....

We explore Knightian model uncertainty as an explanation for the observed excess persistence and attenuation in estimated interest-rate reaction functions for the United States, relative to what optimal feedback rules would suggest. Two types of uncertainty are identified: (i) unstructured model...

Monetary policy is modeled as governed by a known rule, except for a time-varying target rate of inflation. The variable target is taken as representing either discretionary deviations from the rule, or as the outcome of a policymaking committee that is unable to arrive at a consensus....