The European Central Bank (ECB) engaged in an expanded asset purchase programme (APP) from 2014 to 2018 to help achieve their primary objective of price stability. Total assets purchased over this period was over €2.5 trillion and new net purchases ended in December 2018. This paper identifies...

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) account for majority of employment and economic growth, which makes them a priority for the transmission of monetary policy to the real economy. However, SMEs experienced a credit crunch following the sovereign debt crisis. Since 2014, the ECB engaged in...

The European Central Bank (ECB) engaged in an expanded asset purchase programme (APP) from 2014 to 2018 to help achieve their primary objective of price stability. Total assets purchased over this period was over €2.5 trillion and new net purchases ended in December 2018. This paper identifies...

Aims to provide a comparative analytical critique of the moral underpinnings of the neo‐classical tradition. The “moral gauge” employed for this purpose is that of the overtly ethical socio‐economic doctrine of the Catholic Church, as delineated in the major papal encyclicals produced...

The notion that equity is a prerequisite for economic growth and should be pursued as a policy objective in its own right has gained widespread acceptance in the 1990s at the European and international level. In particular, equity considerations were explicitly introduced into the public policy...