We explore the relationship between voting rights and taxation in medieval England and France. We hypothesize that … tax payments were tightly linked, was used to finance new, large-scale collective projects in both England and France …. Strong rule-of-law institutions are necessary to produce such taxes. In England, where security of rule remained high, the …

our view that these institutions declined in France, but not in England, due to increases in the heterogeneity of voters …

We analyze how U.S. decimalization affects stocks cross-listed in France (Euronext) and the U.S. (NYSE). The French … indicating a migration of institutional order flow in French firms to France after NYSE decimalization. Also, intraday analysis … indicates that the institutional volume in both France and the U.S. is greatest when both the markets are open. …