relationship between per capita opioid prescription rates and employment-to-population ratios. We first estimate models of the … effect of per capita opioid prescription rates on employment-to-population ratios, instrumenting opioid prescriptions for … younger ages using opioid prescriptions to the elderly. We find that the estimated effect of opioids on employment …

Measuring employment and unemployment is essential for economic policy. Internationally agreed measures (e.g. headcount … employment and unemployment rates based on standard definitions) enhance comparability across time and space, but changes in real …

Okun's law is formulated as the ratio between GDP and unemployment (UE): β = f(GDP/UE). It is used to investigate the … replaced the United States UE with employment (EM) for the years 1977 to 2021 and examined how employment changed relative to … "jobless recovery" is that employment should not increase more rapidly than the real economy. …

Western Europe, but by lower employment rates in Eastern and Southern Europe. …