; the socio-economic domain considers individuals’ decision making about fertility, mortality and migration; the ethno …

Australia, like most Western countries, has undergone profound demographic changes since 1901. The most significant … transformations have been the sizable growth in population, declining fertility and mortality, substantial immigration, population …

Fertility has long been declining in industrialised countries and the existence of public pension systems is considered … which a public pension system depresses fertility. Our theoretical framework highlights that the effect of a public pension … system on fertility works via the impact of contributions in such a system on disposable income as well as via the impact on …

. Throughout the 20th century, Northern America and Australia and New Zealand attracted highest immigration flows. Latin America … fertility rate and emigration rate are going to develop in Africa. Even modest increases in emigration from Africa would …