The fundamental principle of any political community is the mutual acknowledgment as autonomous individuals, each with a right to personal self-fulfillment (Zürn, 2000), besides their alignment towards unity and integration for the national development and its balanced contribution to the...

The phenomenon of participatory budgeting in Polish cities shows growing awareness of citizens’ role in local development. Participatory budgeting is a tool of partial empowerment of residents through local budgetary policy. A social energy released by initiatives and proposed projects allows...

In the new paradigm of territorial development, an important role is attributed to the cooperation of local government units with the society, considered as a factor of local development. This cooperation is determined, among others, by engaging citizens in local matters, including through...