We investigate the effects of bank control over borrower firms whether by representation on boards of directors or by the holding of shares through bank asset management divisions. Using a large sample of syndicated loans, we find that banks are more likely to act as lead arrangers in loans when...

This study applies Real Options Theory to banking in the environment of actively traded Philippine Universal Banks. These banks exist in an environment of imperfect information with regard to lending, and a country where credit scarcity impedes the growth and performance of entrepreneurial...