Many studies have found that international borders represent large barriers to trade. But how do international borders compare to domestic border barriers? We investigate international and domestic border barriers in a unified framework. We consider a data set of exports from individual U.S....

This paper examines data on trade flows between West German Bundeslander (federal states) and East Germany to explore the effect of national borders on trade. Although the data covers only a small fraction of intra-German trade flows, I find a home bias of about factor 2.2; West German shipments...

Many studies have found that international borders represent large barriers to trade. But how do international borders compare to domestic border barriers? We investigate international and domestic border barriers in a unified framework. We consider a unique data set of exports from individual...