Over the last two decades of the world economy development, both the process of global/multilateral trade liberalization and the regional economic integration have intensified in parallel. Contemporary economists are unanimous in asserting a strong interdependence between the two processes. The...

This paper develops a method to measure difficulties in market access over a large set of countries (both developing and developed) and industries, during the period 1980-2006. We use a micro-founded heterogeneous-consumers model to estimate the impact of national borders on global and regional...

One of the important goals of trade facilitation is to lower the costs of trade that serve as a barrier to the developing countries from enjoying the benefits of increased trade and becoming integrated into global supply chains that account for nearly 60 percent of global trade today. The high...