We analyze the impact of child labor on school achievement using Brazilian school achievement test data from the 2003 … preferred OLS estimates, we find that child labor causes a loss in students' school achievement. Children and adolescents who do … not work have better school performance than students who work. Up to two hours of work per day do not have a …

affects children left behind in terms of their school attendance, household expenditures on education, and nonhousework labor … is not affected. We find no evidence that paternal temporary absence influences his children in terms of school …