We explore the incentives for governments to cooperate by expanding expenditure. We model three countries, of which two are in a monetary union (the EU). The labour markets of both EU countries are unionized, and there is involuntary unemployment. We use a general model of bargaining, and...

In this paper, we consider the sentences of constitutional illegitimacy by the Italian Constitutional Court in the First Republic (1956--1992) as a measure of its independence from politicians. We focus on the Court's incidental review and test whether the Court's independence increases when...

This paper considers the impact of the Constitutional Court on legislative output in Italy. Following Tsebelis’ ((2002) Veto Players: Foundations of Institutional Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press) veto players model and the stylised facts as regards the Italian Constitutional...