Stochastic dynamic programming is used to investigate optimal holding of primary tropical forest in humid Costa Rica when future nonuse benefits of forest conservation are uncertain and increasing. The quasi-option value of maintaining primary forests is included as a component of investment in...

Forest ecosystem economic valuation is responsible for ecologically aware and reasonable gains to the country and particularly to the surrounding groups through different means. Thus, the central objective of this study was to analyze the economic valuation Gedo Natural Forest conservation...

chapter 1 Approaching the Problem of Ecological Valuation -- chapter 2 Sociocultural Valuation of Ecological Resources -- chapter 3 Integrating Economics and Ecological Assessment -- chapter 4 Valuation Methods -- chapter 5 Complexity in Ecological Systems -- chapter 6 Organizing and Integrating...