instrument of privatization), and analyze how regulatory mechanisms affect such factors as seaport tariffs, port congestion, port … larger specialized ships that require substantial investments in port infrastructure and equipment.Integrated transport … chains have reduced transport costs so much that a shipper may find a distant port cheaper than a closer one. Modern ports …

welfare only and decide on the capacity of the port and of the hinterland network. We obtain the following results. First …, profit-maximizing ports internalize hinterland congestion in as far as it affects their customers. Second, investment in port … capacity reduces prices and congestion at both ports, but increases hinterland congestion in the region where the port …

potentially increase market power and lead to anticompetitive behavior. This note looks at the issues in the port sector … concession its ports. In the early 1990s Argentina restructured and privatized its port system. As part of this process the …

are best coordinated. The note outlines privatization options, such as: full privatization, i.e., all assets and … liabilities are transferred to the private sector; build, operate and own, i.e., parts of the port are sold to be developed; build …