productivity gains for domestic firms. The size of FDI spillovers is economically important, accounting for about 11% of … productivity growth in U.S. firms between 1987 and 1996. In addition, there is some evidence for imports-related spillovers, but it …

The diffusion of knowledge in the world generates positive externalities if knowledge flows increase the productivity … productivity. We first estimate the determinants of knowledge flows across 141 sub-national regions in 19 countries of Europe and … productivity of R&D resources in generating innovation (patenting) and productivity (TFP). While we find that knowledge diffusion …