The geography of innovation describes the importance of proximity and location to innovative activity. As part of what … sufficiently so that the discussion can be organized around certain stylized and commonly accepted facts: • Innovation is spatially …, and not easily amenable to measurement. • Local universities are necessary but not sufficient for innovation. • Innovation …

a brief literature review of cluster theory, we focus on the theoretical conditions under which French innovation …Competitiveness clusters (or innovation clusters) are the focal point of French new industrial policy. They are based …