This paper investigates the link between globalization, operationalized as openness to trade, and the welfare state …, defined as social spending, in a panel of 21 countries from 1920 to 2000. It argues for a clear definition of globalization … welfare program since the effect of globalization is probably not uniform. The paper finds notable divergences in openness and …

To operate effectively in global markets, marketing managers need to understand that consumer response to globalization … to globalization through a cross-national survey on consumer support for a pan-European government policy aimed at …