Der Anspruch war hoch: Nach dem Prinzip des "Förderns und Forderns" sollten die Hartz-Gesetze (1. bis 4. Gesetz für moderne Dienstleistungen am Arbeitsmarkt) den entscheidenden Beitrag zum Abbau der auf nie gekannte Höhen gestiegenen Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland leisten. Anfang 2005 wurden...

As unemployment rises across the European Union (EU) it is important to understand the extent to which the incomes of the new unemployed are protected by tax-benefit systems and to assess the cost pressures on the social protection systems of this increase in unemployment. This paper uses the EU...

As unemployment rises across the European Union (EU) it is important to understand the extent to which the incomes of the new unemployed are protected by tax-benefit systems and to assess the cost pressures on the governments. This paper uses the EU tax-benefit model EUROMOD to explore these...