labor market outcomes for men and women in France and Germany, two countries with different education systems. Using … German education systems, the social determinants of school and post-school attainment are analyzed. Then, the extent to … which education reduces the unemployment risk is examined, distinguishing between risk of entering unemployment …

We address the impact of education upon wage inequality by drawing on evidence from fifteen European countries, during … regressions of Mincer equations and analysing the differences in returns to education across the wage distribution and across time …. Four different patterns emerge: 1) a positive and increasing contribution of education upon within-levels wage inequality …

Using information on family background, we estimate returns to education, allowing for the heterogeneity of returns. In … earn lower wages, but have higher returns to education. This supports the view that persons from less-educated backgrounds …